An introduction to the study of architecture that considers the relationships between monuments and the societies that produced them. We will survey the architecture and engineering of pre-industrial societies from a global perspective-- Egypt, China, India, the Americas, Greece, Rome, Islamic lands and the European Middle Ages as well as vernacular structures, how they expressed the values of their respective civilizations and how they were built. We will also consider contemporary attempts to understand and/or reproduce the technologies and building practices of the past.